HTML (English) 06
Table below summarizes the HTML formatting tags you’ve covered so far. Don’t forget to use the structural tags (for example, <HTML> in documents you build. The documents won’t work without the. To speed your Web-building, you can build a simple template that includes the structural tags and store it for reuse in a file. To get some practice, use the information in Table 1-2 to build a page that tells people something about yourself. Use a variety of tags so you can become familiar with their function.
|
TAG(S) |
FUNCTION |
|
<Hn>, </Hn> |
Document heading (n=1,2,…….,6) |
|
<P> |
Paragraph |
|
<BR> |
Line break |
|
<HR> |
Horizontal rule |
|
<B>, </B> |
Bold font |
|
<I>, </I> |
Italic font |
|
<U>, </U> |
Underlined font (not always supported) |
|
<STRONG>, <STRONG> |
Usually bold, but depends on browser |
|
<E>, </EM> |
Usually italic, but depends on browser |
|
<!--..--> |
Comment (contents not processed by browser |
Images and Links
Putting formatted text on a web page is cool, but two additional features will really make your pages come alive: hyperlinks and images. A hyperlink is a block of text that, when selected, loads a specified Web page in place of the current page. For most browsers, the user accomplishes this by simply clicking a mouse button while the mouse cursor is positioned over the hyperlink text block. Hyperlinks are what makes the Web a web: Hyperlinks allow the user to travel from one page to another in arbitrary, even circuitous, fashion. Imagine trying to surf the web without hyperlinks! Figure 1-25 shows hyperlinks that form a web.
The ability to refer to external documents and images on a web page easily and uniformly is part of the genius of the web. As with text formatting, the real work that supports such references is done in the browser rather than in the server. To work its magic, the browser uses a device called a uniform resource locator (URL). URL sallows an HTML document anywhere on the web to refer to any other document capable of being served by any web server.
URLS
To find a particular file or document among all the gazillion (or thereabouts) documents on the World Wide Web, you need to know three things:
- How should the document be transferred? (What kind of document is it?)
- Where is if stored?
- What is its name?
The URL is designed to answer these three questions. To understand how URLs work, let’s start by taking one apart. Figure 1-26 shows a typical URL.
Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral
Documents on the web are first classified by what language they speak. More accurately, you start searching for a document by specifying the protocol you want to use to get a particular document. A protocol, remember, is just an agreement between two computers or systems to treat certain types of files in certain ways-to speak the same language.
The URL in this example starts with http, which indicates that you want everything handled as a web document. If you had begun your URL with ftp instead, you would have told the world that you wanted the documents transferred by use of file transfer protocol. In table 1-1 you sow a list of common protocols that were used to transfer information over the Internet. When you use URLs, the list grows considerably. Some of the most popular are given in following table
SOME POPULAR INTERNET PROTOCOLS
|
PROTOCOL |
PURPOSE |
|
HTTP FTP Telnet File
Gopher
Mailto News |
Web documents, provided web server Files, provided by FTP SERVER Remote logins to server Used to access files on the local system, that is, the same on which the browser is running Files, provided by gopher server (largely supplanted by HTTP protocol) Email transmission Usenet newsgroup access |
